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「Linux」awk实现根据指定分隔符切割字符串

39人浏览   2024-04-25 18:42:32

在Linux环境编写shell脚本时，有时会遇到需要将一个带指定分隔符的字符串解析成单个字符串分别使用，awk命令可以帮助实现这个小需求

示例脚本splitTest.sh具体代码如下：

#!/bin/bash

getSplitNum(){
  splitStr=$1
  splitDelimiter=$2

  echo ${splitStr} | awk -F ${splitDelimiter} '{print NF}' 
}

getSplitFieldContent(){
  splitStr=$1
  splitDelimiter=$2
  splitFieldNum=$3

  echo ${splitStr} | awk -F ${splitDelimiter} '{print $'${splitFieldNum}'}'
}

#分隔符
DELIMITER="|"
TestStr1="null|1|1|null|1"
TestStr2="|1|1||1"
TestStr3="||||"

num1=`getSplitNum ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER}`
num2=`getSplitNum ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER}`
num3=`getSplitNum ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER}`

echo "TestStr1=(${TestStr1})"
echo "num1=${num1}"
echo "TestStr1(1)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 1`)"
echo "TestStr1(2)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 2`)"
echo "TestStr1(3)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 3`)"
echo "TestStr1(4)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 4`)"
echo "TestStr1(5)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 5`)"

echo ""
echo "TestStr2=(${TestStr2})"
echo "num2=${num2}"
echo "TestStr2(1)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 1`)"
echo "TestStr2(2)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 2`)"
echo "TestStr2(3)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 3`)"
echo "TestStr2(4)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 4`)"
echo "TestStr2(5)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 5`)"

echo ""
echo "TestStr3=(${TestStr3})"
echo "num3=${num3}"
echo "TestStr3(1)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 1`)"
echo "TestStr3(2)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 2`)"
echo "TestStr3(3)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 3`)"
echo "TestStr3(4)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 4`)"
echo "TestStr3(5)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 5`)"


执行上述脚本，结果如下

sjmz@ubuntu:~/sjmz$ sh splitTest.sh 
TestStr1=(null|1|1|null|1)
num1=5
TestStr1(1)=(null)
TestStr1(2)=(1)
TestStr1(3)=(1)
TestStr1(4)=(null)
TestStr1(5)=(1)

TestStr2=(|1|1||1)
num2=5
TestStr2(1)=()
TestStr2(2)=(1)
TestStr2(3)=(1)
TestStr2(4)=()
TestStr2(5)=(1)

TestStr3=(||||)
num3=5
TestStr3(1)=()
TestStr3(2)=()
TestStr3(3)=()
TestStr3(4)=()
TestStr3(5)=()

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